(Image: Getty 2023)
Thyroid cancer, which can affect as many as one in 20 people in the UK, is notoriously difficult to diagnose. A recent study by the University of Aberdeen, in collaboration with leading thyroid charities, found that it takes an average of 4.5 years for patients to receive a diagnosis.
The study examined the experiences of nearly 1,200 patients and discovered that in almost two-thirds of cases, diagnosis only occurred after multiple appointments and a worsening of symptoms. This delay is largely because thyroid conditions present symptoms that often overlap with other health issues, making it hard for both patients and doctors to recognize the signs early on.
Understanding the Thyroid
The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck, just in front of the windpipe. Its primary function is to produce hormones that regulate the body’s metabolism, controlling how energy is used. The thyroid produces two key hormones: triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). When the thyroid produces either too much or too little of these hormones, it can lead to significant health problems.
An overactive thyroid, or hyperthyroidism, tends to be more common in women than men, particularly between the ages of 20 and 40. Conversely, an underactive thyroid, or hypothyroidism, can develop slowly, often over years, making it easy to confuse with other conditions, such as menopause.
Symptoms of an Underactive Thyroid
An underactive thyroid can present with a range of symptoms that are often mistaken for other health issues. According to the NHS, these symptoms include:
- Tiredness
- Weight gain
- Depression
- Sensitivity to the cold
- Dry skin and hair
- Muscle aches
For those experiencing any of these symptoms, particularly for an extended period, it is essential to seek medical advice.
Symptoms of an Overactive Thyroid
Hyperthyroidism can cause a variety of symptoms, some of which can be quite severe. The NHS lists these symptoms as including:
- Nervousness, anxiety, and irritability
- Mood swings
- Difficulty sleeping
- Persistent tiredness and weakness
- Sensitivity to heat
- Swelling in the neck (goiter)
- An irregular or fast heart rate (palpitations)
- Trembling or twitching
- Unexplained weight loss
What to Do if You Suspect a Thyroid Problem
If you experience any of the symptoms associated with either an underactive or overactive thyroid, it is important to consult with your GP. A thyroid function test, which involves a blood test to measure hormone levels, is the only way to confirm a thyroid condition. Depending on the diagnosis, treatment may involve daily hormone replacement tablets or medication to regulate hormone production.
For more detailed information and support, patients can visit the British Thyroid Foundation website.
